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Assam Assembly Passes Uniform Civil Code Bill, Becoming Third State to Implement UCC

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On 27 May 2026, the Assam Legislative Assembly passed the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) Bill, becoming the third Indian state after Uttarakhand and Gujarat to enact such legislation. The Bill standardizes civil laws related to marriage, divorce, succession, and live-in relationships for all citizens in Assam regardless of religion, banning polygamy and mandating registration of these relationships. Scheduled Tribes residing in Assam are exempted from the Bill. This aligns with Article 44 of the Indian Constitution, which lists the Uniform Civil Code among the Directive Principles of State Policy.

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Key Facts

  • The Assam Assembly passed the Uniform Civil Code Bill on 27 May 2026 by voice vote.
  • The Bill was introduced on 25 May 2026 by Parliamentary Affairs Minister Atul Bora on behalf of Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma.
  • The Bill applies uniformly to marriage, divorce, succession, and live-in relationships for all citizens in Assam regardless of religion.
  • Polygamy is banned under the Bill.
  • Registration of marriages, divorces, and live-in relationships is made mandatory within one month.
  • Scheduled Tribes residing in Assam are exempt from the Bill.
  • Existing polygamous marriages solemnised before the enforcement of the UCC are exempted.
  • The Bill proposes repealing the Assam Compulsory Registration of Muslim Marriages and Divorces Act, 2024.

Background & Context

Article 44 of the Constitution of India, part of the Directive Principles of State Policy, advocates for a Uniform Civil Code to replace religion-based personal laws with a common set applicable to all citizens. Assam's Bill follows precedents set by Uttarakhand (which enacted its UCC Act in 2024) and Gujarat. Assam is the first state in the North-East to pass a Uniform Civil Code Bill, reflecting a significant legislative and social reform to ensure uniformity and gender justice across communities.

The Bill also sets minimum marriage ages (21 for men and 18 for women) and aims to address issues such as polygamy, child marriage, and unregistered live-in relationships that affect legal rights and gender equality.

Why This Matters for Exams / Exam Relevance

This development is significant for competitive exams in India, especially for topics covering constitutional provisions, Directive Principles of State Policy, state legislative actions, and ongoing reforms related to personal laws and gender justice. The Assam UCC Bill exemplifies the complexities in implementing Article 44 at the state level and highlights contemporary social and legal issues in India.

Points to Remember

  • Assam passed the Uniform Civil Code Bill on 27 May 2026.
  • The Bill applies to all citizens in Assam regardless of religion but excludes Scheduled Tribes.
  • It bans polygamy and mandates compulsory registration of marriages, divorces, and live-in relationships.
  • Existing polygamous marriages before enforcement are exempted.
  • Assam follows Uttarakhand (2024) and Gujarat as the third state to enact UCC legislation.
  • Article 44 of the Indian Constitution is the constitutional basis for UCC.
  • Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma and Parliamentary Affairs Minister Atul Bora were key proponents of the Bill.
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